• Emerging Technologies, AI and the Future of Warfare
My research explores why and how emerging disruptive technologies - such as artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, and quantum computing - transform defence innovation strategies, military capabilities, and the direction and character of warfare.

• Mapping Defence and Military Innovation Trajectories
I develop analytical frameworks to compare defence innovation across states, examining the drivers, enablers, and constraints of military adaptation and capability development. My work spans great powers and small states, offering insights into how strategic competition, organisational culture, and technological diffusion shape military modernisation.

• Cyber-Enabled Conflicts and Digital Warfare
I investigate the dynamics of cyber-enabled hybrid conflicts, including the convergence of cyber espionage, information operations, and hybrid threats. My research assesses their impact on defence, diplomacy, and resilience, providing insights for countering emerging cyber challenges in an increasingly contested digital domain.